View source for Philip Ludwell III and Frances Ludwell


[[File:Philip Ludwell III 1.jpg]]

'''Philip Ludwell III (1716-1767)''' 

and 

'''Frances Ludwell (born Grymes) (1717-1753)'''




==Early life of Philip Ludwell III==

On 28 December, 1716, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Ludwell_III Philip Ludwell III] was born at  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Spring_Plantation Green Spring], Carter's Creek, near [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia Williamsburg] (at that time, the capital of the  Colony of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia Virginia] in [https://www.britannica.com/place/North-America North America]).  In those days, Virginia was part of the [https://www.britannica.com/place/British-Empire British Empire].  Philip was, in effect, a third-generation Virginian.  

His grandfather, [https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/ludwell-philip Philip Ludwell I] (1637/1638–ca.1716), was the first governor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Carolina Province of Carolina] (1691-1694).  As such, he was the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenipotentiary plenipotentiary] of the King of England and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire British Empire] in that region.  

His father, [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ludwell-3 Philip Ludwell II], was a member of the Virginia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Burgesses House of Burgesses], as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rector_(academia) rector] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary College of William and Mary].  

Philip's mother was [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Harrison-885 Hannah Harrison], of [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Indian+Field,+VA+22572,+USA/@37.9484664,-76.7166241,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x89b74c65e14394e3:0x3d431b8b24c93172!8m2!3d37.9484669!4d-76.7166241!16s%2Fm%2F04c1_y8?entry=ttu Indian Fields], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surry,_Virginia Surry], Virginia.  

In 1727, Philip inherited [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Spring_Plantation Green Spring Plantation], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_City_County,_Virginia James City County], Virginia, from his father, Philip Ludwell II.  

Philip Ludwell III was orphaned in that his father, Philip Ludwell II, reposed when he was 11 years old, and his mother, Hannah Ludwell, reposed when he was 15 years old.  


[[File:Green Spring Plantation, Virginia (impression) 2.png]]  '''Impression of the Green Spring Plantation'''


[[File:ColonialTobacco PlantationA 2.png]]  '''Painting of a tobacco plantation'''


[[File:MatureTobaccoGrowth 2.png]]  '''Photo of maturing tobacco'''

==Early life of Frances Grymes==

On 19 November, 1717, [https://www.geni.com/people/Frances-Ludwell/6000000000437702905 Frances Grymes] was born to [https://www.geni.com/people/Charles-Grymes-of-Morattico/6000000007711156717 Charles Grymes] and [https://www.geni.com/people/Frances-Grymes/6000000007286704883 Frances Jennings] in [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/North_Farnham_Parish,_Virginia North Farnham Parish], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia Richmond County], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia Virginia].  She had 2 sisters, Lucy, and Rosannah.

Charles Grymes was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff sheriff] of the Richmond County, Virginia (in the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Neck Northern Neck]").  At that time, this region was a lucrative area for producing tobacco and other products.  


[[File:DetailNorthernNeck 1.jpg]]  '''Map detail of the Northern Neck (peninsula)'''


In the 1720s, Mr. Grymes was a member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Burgesses House of Burgesses], and of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Governor%27s_Council Royal Governing Council] (the highest legislative, administrative, and judicial governmental body in the colony).  

Frances Jennings Grymes was the daughter of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge  Cambridge University]-educated Edmund Jennings, who served as Virginia’s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_general attorney general], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_state secretary of state], president of the Council of State, and as acting [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor governor] from 1706 to 1710.  

The Grymes plantation at [https://www.morattico.org/history Morattico] was named after the primary town of the indigenous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappahannock_people Moraughtacund] tribe.  
  
Besides this, her family had English and eastern [https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada Canadian] family connexions, and these connexions in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada  Eastern Canadian colonies] seem to have continued.  In those days, all the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people English]-speaking colonies in [https://www.britannica.com/place/North-America North America] had close ties both to [https://www.britannica.com/place/London London], [https://www.britannica.com/place/England England], and to each other.  Moreover, her grandfather was [https://www.geni.com/people/Gov-Edmund-Jennings/6000000000071662031 Edmund Jennings], Governor of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia Virginia Colony] (1706-1710).

==Marriage, 1737==

Philip Ludwell III married Frances Grymes on 29 July, 1737, in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia Surry county], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia Virginia Colony].  

[https://www.ludwell.org/philip-ludwell-george-washington/ The Ludwell Family Bible relates] the following about the 1737 marriage of Philip Ludwell III and Frances Grymes :

  The daughter of Charles Grymes, of North Farnham Parish in the County of Richmond, in 
  Virginia, Esquire, and Frances his wife, daughter of the Hon’ble Edmund Jenings of Rippon, in 
  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire Yorkshire], in England, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquire Esquire], who was born at Morattico, in the aforesaid County and Parish on 
  ye 19th day of November, An. Dom. 1717.  The marriage took place at Morattico aforesaid A.D. 
  1737.  

The Lord gave Philip and Frances 3 daughters : Hannah Philippa, born in 1737, Frances, born in 1750, and Lucy, born in 1751.  


[[File:Mrs Frances Ludwell, daughters Philippa, Frances 2.png]]  '''Mrs. Frances Ludwell, with 2 daughters, Hannah Philippa, and Frances'''


'''Another acquisition'''

In about 1750, Philip and Frances Ludwell inherited another Northern Neck property, "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menokin Menokin]", from the Charles Grymes estate.  

This property was later the home of their nephew [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee Francis Lightfoot Lee], a signer of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence Declaration of Independence] of the USA.

'''Philip's business activity'''

Philip's business interests led to frequent travel between [https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/colonial-virginia/ Virginia] and [https://www.britannica.com/place/England England].

==Entering the Orthodox Christian Church, 1738==

In 1738, just over a year after his marriage, while he was in England, Philip Ludwell was received into the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Orthodox_Church Orthodox Church] by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieromonk Hieromonk] [https://www.ludwell.org/orthodox-church-in-london-1727/ Bartholomew (Cassano)] in the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Russia Russian Orthodox Church] in London.  

'''Hieromonk Bartholomew (Cassano)'''

[https://london.mid.ru/upload/iblock/038/038b89c49e58f058d5d768fcda8dd160.pdf Father Bartholomew] had gone there in 1712 as a layman, with his uncle, [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Archimandrite Archimandrite] Gennadius, in the entourage of [https://www.amazon.com/Embassy-Emigrants-Englishmen-Hundred-Orthodox/dp/0884653366 Metropolitan Arsenius of Thebes (Egypt)] from the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Alexandria Patriarchate of Alexandria], as part of a project to print Scriptural and liturgical texts in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic Arabic] for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Christians Palestinian Christians], and to procure other help for the Orthodox Christian Church in that region.   It was the business activities of the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant_Company Levant Company]" in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean eastern Mediterranean] regions that opened opportunities between the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_Christian_Knowledge Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge] (SPCK) in London, and the Patriarchate of Alexandria.  
Although the metropolitan returned, the embassy of the Russian Empire requested the return of Archimandrite Gennadius and his nephew Bartholomew in order to establish a mission in London within the [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Russian-Orthodox-Church Moscow Patriarchate].  They both returned in 1716.  

The first Rector of the Embassy Church of the Dormition, Archimandrite Gennadius, reposed in the Lord in the beginning of 1737.  Father Bartholomew (Cassano), who by then was widowed, and tonsured a monk, became Rector.  According to Prince Antioch Kantemir, a well-known poet and the first Russian envoy to London after a twelve-year break, Father Bartholomew ‘spoke and wrote
English like a born Englishman’.

Priestmonk Bartholomew celebrated mostly in Greek, but also English.  The church inventory for 1749 lists English translations of the two Liturgies, Priest’s Service Book, Catechism, and a box of sermons in English and Greek.  The small congregation included Russian diplomats and their families, a few Greek and Russian merchants (between 1681 and 1838 London Greeks did not have a church of their own), Russian commoners living in England, and a dozen English families who were received into Orthodoxy.

'''The reception, 1739'''

The reception of Philip Ludwell III into the Orthodox Christian Church occurred at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Russia_to_the_United_Kingdom Russian Imperial Embassy] in London on 31 December, 1738 (11 January, 1739 – at that time, all dates were still reckoned on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar Old Calendar].)  To allow for this reception, a special dispensation had been granted by the Church’s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Holy_Synod Most Holy Synod] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire Russia].  

'''The Orthodox Church in London'''

The [https://svspress.com/embassy-emigrants-englishmen-3-hundred-year-history-of-a-russian-orthodox-church-in-london/ Russian Imperial Embassy] had its own [https://orthodoxlife.org/church-history/london-1716-orthodoxy-western-world/ Temple in London] (at that time the only Orthodox Christian place of worship there), and its congregation was, in fact, populated largely by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks_in_Egypt Greeks] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria Alexandria] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire Ottoman Empire] (now [https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt Egypt]), and further by local convert families.  There, the Orthodox Christian parish suffered regularly from the hostility of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism Protestants].   It may be kept in mind that this occurred less than 80 years after the 1660 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Restoration restoration of the monarchy] (following the 11 years of the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England Commonwealth]"/Protectorate period), and that Protestants were harsh (sometimes violent) towards any other expression of Christianity. 

'''Special dispensations for life in North America'''  

Philip was also given exceptional permission to continue to attend [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism Anglican Church] services in Virginia, it being recognised that “apart from the Province of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania Pennsylvania], all religions but [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism Protestantism] are banned”.  Besides the fact that the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Holy_Synod Most Holy Synod] of the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Russia Church of Russia] had authorised his reception into the Orthodox Church, it had also blessed his taking the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_sacrament Holy Gifts] back to Virginia (as a layman).  Moreover, the Synod approved his translation into English of the “[https://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Orthodox-Confession-of-Faith-Mogilas.pdf Orthodox Confession]”, which had been written 100 years earlier by (Saint) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mogila Peter Mogila], Metropolitan of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev Kiev].  


[[File:Ludwell,Confessions 2.png]]  '''Orthodox Confession'''


After his return to Virginia, Philip Ludwell began translating the 3 most-used [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Divine_Liturgy#Forms_of_the_Divine_Liturgy Orthodox Divine Liturgy services] and other popular services into English.  The Holy Synod soon blessed the printing and distribution of his work.  The blessing encouraged him, and he began to distribute [https://www.ludwell.org/first-english-translator-of-orthodox-services/ his English translation of the Orthodox Divine Liturgies] to whomever was interested in reading the passages.  

Born of an impressive political heritage in Virginia, Philip was involved in the government of the colony.  He served in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Burgesses House of Burgesses], the first popularly-elected deliberative body in the entire "[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World New World]" (so called), beginning in the 1740s.  By 1752, he had been made part of the [https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/governors-council-the/ Royal Governor’s Virginia Council] in 1752.  

In government, he used his influence to advocate against the further [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Virginia importation of slaves from Africa], and he also led a committee that sought to find a cure for cancer.  He also helped to organise the resettlement of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language French-speaking] [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-deportation-of-the-acadians-feature Acadian refugees] from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nova-Scotia Nova Scotia] ([https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada Canada]), (1755-1778) who had been expelled from their homeland by order of the Governor of Nova Scotia, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-lawrence Charles Lawrence].  


[[File:ExpulsionOfAcadians 2.png]]  

'''Expulsion of Acadians from Nova Scotia'''


Philip's conversion to the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/What_is_Orthodoxy Orthodox Christian Faith] was not a matter of public knowledge.  That he was a person of high responsibility in the [https://www.britannica.com/summary/British-Empire British Empire] would bring an accusation of treason were it to be known (this was so since the [https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom/The-Revolution-of-1688 1688 Protestant revolution] in the [https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom United Kingdom]).  It was at that time forbidden (on penalty of death) that a non-Protestant exercise such authority.  

Furthermore, there is evidence that the Ludwell family in England were not supporters of the Protestant revolution, they were aware of the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_Fathers Fathers], and that they were involved in correspondence with the Orthodox.  It is suggested that Philip's interest in the Orthodox Christian Faith was sparked by reading [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Patristics patristic writings].   

It is known that Philip Ludwell had an active correspondence with [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Franklin Benjamin Franklin].  In this context, he gave financial support towards the efforts of Benjamin Franklin and others for the establishment of  the first school for [https://www.britannica.com/topic/African-American African-American] children in Williamsburg.  

In 1753, as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel colonel], he commissioned [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington George Washington] into the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War British/colonial army].  He was a cousin of George Washington’s wife [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Washington Martha Dandridge Curtis], a Ludwell cousin.  

In 1753,  Philip's daughter Lucy, was married to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lee_II Henry Lee II] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leesylvania_(plantation) Leesylvania], Virginia.  George Washington had been an earlier suitor, but Mr. Lee was preferred by her.   

Philip was related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Lee Robert E Lee] and to both President [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison William Henry Harrison] and President [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison Benjamin Harrison].

==Bereavement, 1753==

In 1753, Philip's wife Frances [https://www.geni.com/people/Frances-Ludwell/6000000000437702905 fell asleep in the Lord] at home at Green Spring, Virginia.  

After her repose, her body was transported to London, England, where it was interred.

==Continuing life and work==

In 1755, Philip built a town-house in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia Williamsburg, Virginia], which still stands as a private residence within [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg Colonial Williamsburg], known as the [http://www.history.org/almanack/places/hb/hbludw.cfm Ludwell Paradise House].  This title comes from the fact that Philip Ludwell’s daughter, Lucy, inherited the house, and the fact that her husband was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paradise John Paradise] (whom she had married on 18 May, 1769).  The Paradise family were already Orthodox Christians, as was John Paradise.    


[[File:Ludwell-paradise-house1 2.png]]  '''Ludwell-Paradise House, Williamsburg'''


On 14 April, 1762, Philip brought his 3 daughters to be [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Chrismation chrismated], and he also stood as their sponsor.  It is known that, at about this time, there were also some [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Greece Greek Orthodox Christians] living in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies New England colonial regions].  It is of some further significance that the Imperial Russian Ambassador to London at that time was later the main supporter of the first mission to North America in co-operation with the antecedent of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-American_Company Russian-American Company], from 1793-1794.   

The London parish register documents that Philip Ludwell participated in the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Holy_Mysteries sacraments] of [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Confession confession] and [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Eucharist Holy Communion] in that Temple on 12 occasions between 16 August, 1760 and his repose in 1767.  

During 1766, while he was residing in London, Colonel Ludwell’s health began to fail him.  On 28 September, 1766, Philip Ludwell received Holy Communion in his house there.  

On 5 March, 1767, the ailing Philip received the Mysteries (sacraments) of Confession and Holy Communion, and also the Sacrament of [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Holy_Unction Holy Unction] at his home.

==Repose, 1767==

On 25 March, 1767, Colonel Philip Ludwell III [https://www.ludwell.org/repose-of-colonel-philip-ludwell-iii/ reposed in the Lord] in London, England.  

His funeral was served at the [https://london.mid.ru/upload/iblock/038/038b89c49e58f058d5d768fcda8dd160.pdf Russian Church in London] on Monday, 30 March, 1767, and he was interred in the crypt of the Church of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary-le-Bow Saint Mary-le-Bow], in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheapside Cheapside], London.  

His life is remembered in an annual panikhida service in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_American_%26_New_York_Diocese Eastern American Diocese] of the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia].

==Reflections==

Colonel Philip Ludwell III was a Virginian who lived in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States colonial America] in the mid-18th century.  

He is the first known [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodox Christian] in North America.  He was received into the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Orthodox_Church Orthodox Christian Church] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England England].  

His conversion represented one of the earliest examples of the presence of Orthodox Christians in what is now the [https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States United States of America]. 

A hand-written prayer found in his papers reflects his familiarity with [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Psalter the Psalter], and with the [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Category:Services Orthodox liturgical services] :

  '''“The Eucharistical Prayer for the Steadfastness in the Faith”'''
  
  This God is my God forever & ever, he shall be my guide until Death,
  Every day will I give thanks unto thee & praise thy Name 
  for ever and ever.
  O Let me have understanding in the way of Godliness. 
  For thereby is thy Servant taught & in keeping of thee there is great Reward.


[[File:Philip-Ludwell-III.jpg]]

==References==

Chapman, Nicholas, “[http://orthodoxhistory.org/2009/11/23/orthodoxy-in-colonial-virginia/  Orthodoxy in Colonial Virginia]”, 11 November, 2009. 

……, “[https://www.ludwell.org/orthodox-church-in-london-1727/ London’s Orthodox Church in 1727]”
 
……, “[https://orthodoxhistory.org/2013/03/22/the-righteous-shall-be-in-everlasting-remembrance-further-reflections-on-colonel-philip-ludwell-iii/ The Righteous Shall Be in Everlasting Remembrance : Further Reflections on Colonel Philip Ludwell III]” 22 March, 2013  

……, “[https://orthodoxhistory.org/2013/06/25/an-unexpected-discovery-concerning-philip-ludwell-iii/ An Unexpected Discovery Concerning Philip Ludwell III]” 25 June, 2013   

[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Philip_Ludwell_III Orthodoxwiki biography]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Ludwell_III Wikipedia biography]


'''Additional information :'''

Chapman, Nicholas, “[https://www.ludwell.org/author/ngrchapman/ Philip Ludwell III]” (Selection of various articles)   

Chapman, Nicholas, ed., [https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/13551903.Philip_Ludwell_III “The Divine and Holy Liturgy of St Gregory the Dialogist” by Saint Gregory of Nyssa with translation by Philip Ludwell III]   

……, (with Ryan Hunter) “[https://orthochristian.com/88120.html Colonel Philip Ludwell III : The Forerunner of Orthodoxy in North America]”  

Namee, Matthew, “[https://orthodoxhistory.org/2011/07/11/atlas-excerpt-1-orthodoxy-in-colonial-virginia/ Orthodoxy in Colonial Virginia]”   

Sarni, Michael, “[https://london.mid.ru/upload/iblock/038/038b89c49e58f058d5d768fcda8dd160.pdf The Russian Church in London – From Peter the Great to the Present Day]” 

Tsapina, Olga, “[https://www.ecrsa.org/members/tsapina.html The Strange Case of Philip Ludwell, III : Anglican Enlightenment and Eastern Orthodoxy in Colonial Virginia]” (Work in progress)   

[https://orthodox-europe.org/english/parishes/london-cathedral/history/ Russian Orthodox Embassy Church 1700s, London, England] 

[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Russian-Orthodox-Church Orthodox Church of Russia] 

[http://www.patriarchia.ru/en/ Church of Russia web-site]  

[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Russia Orthodoxwiki article about the Church of Russia]  

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchal_Exarchate_in_Western_Europe_(Moscow_Patriarchate) Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe (Moscow Patriarchate)]  

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church  List of Heads of the Russian Orthodox Church, 988-to the Present]  

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Russia_to_the_United_Kingdom List of Representatives, Ambassadors to the Russian Orthodox Church, London, England]   

[https://archive.is/BGIKj An Annual Panihida for Colonel Philip Ludwell III, 24 February, 2012] 

[https://www.ludwell.org/repose-philip-ludwell-infographic/ The Orthodox Repose of Philip Ludwell III] 

[https://www.ludwell.org/repose-of-colonel-philip-ludwell-iii/ In Memoriam : The Repose of Colonel Philip Ludwell III in London, 1767]  

[https://www.geni.com/people/Frances-Ludwell/6000000000437702905 Repose of Frances Grymes Ludwell]

[https://www.geni.com/people/Colonel-Philip-Ludwell-III/6000000001180342644 “Geni” genealogical information about Philip Ludwell III]   

 [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ludwell-7 “Wikitree” genealogical information about Philip Ludwell III]

[https://www.geni.com/people/FrancesLudwell/6000000000437702905 “Geni” genealogical information about Frances Grymes Ludwell]  

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Grymes-24#Ancestors “Wikitree” genealogical information about Frances Grymes Ludwell] 

“[https://archive.org/details/leeofvirginia16400inleee/page/n5/mode/2up Lee of Virginia, 1642-1892 : biographical and genealogical sketches of the descendants of Colonel Richard Lee]”     

“[https://www.colonial-settlers-md-va.us/getperson.php?personID=I33818&tree=Tree1 Philip Ludwell : Early Colonial Settlers of Maryland and Virginia’s Northern Neck Countries]”. (correct genealogical family details of family and daughters)   

[https://www.ludwell.org/welcome/blog/ The Ludwell Blog] 

[https://www.ludwell.org/ Philip Ludwell III and Early American Orthodox Christianity]  

[https://www.ludwell.org/philip-ludwell-iii/ Who was Philip Ludwell III ? : The First Known American Convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity

[https://www.ludwell.org/philip-ludwell-timeline-infographic-2019/ The Life and times of Philip Ludwell III]  

[https://www.ludwell.org/media/gallery/ The Ludwell Image Gallery] 

[https://www.carolana.com/Carolina/Governors/pludwell.html Philip Ludwell, Governor of Carolina Province 1692-1693] 

[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-01-02-0180 Letter to George Washington from Philip Ludwell, 8 August 1755]   

“[https://npshistory.com/publications/colo/cli-green-spring.pdf Green Spring Colonial National Historic Park]”  

“https://www.slaveryandremembrance.org/almanack/places/hb/hbludw.cfm[The Ludwell-Paradise House]”   

“[https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/ Colonial Williamsburg Digital Library with references to the Ludwell Mansion (NB) Historical Report]”   

Ancient Faith Radio Podcast : “[https://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/history/orthodoxy_in_colonial_virginia/  Orthodoxy in Colonial Virginia]” (16 December,2009)  

[https://www.jordanville.org/news_120401_2 Annual Panikhida is served for Philip Ludwell III] (14-27 March, 2012)

[https://orthodoxhistory.org/2013/06/25/an-unexpected-discovery-concerning-philip-ludwell-iii/ An Unexpected Discovery concerning Philip Ludwell III] (25 June, 2013)  [Nicholas Chapman with Philip Ludwell’s personal copy of his book “The Orthodox Confession” with Photo]

Washington, DC : ‘[https://eadiocese.org/news_161231_30 Historic Presanctified Liturgy using Ludwell Translation of 1761 performed at Saint John the Baptist Cathedral]’ in “Eastern American Diocese, Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia” (20 March, 2015).    

[https://www.ludwell.org/first-english-translator-of-orthodox-services/ Philip Ludwell – The First English-Language Translator of Orthodox Divine Services] (8 April, 2016 )   

[https://www.ludwell.org/philip-ludwell-timeline-infographic-2019/ The Life and Times of Philip Ludwell III]  (1 November, 2019) 

[https://greekreporter.com/2024/01/06/the-life-of-philip-ludwell-americas-first-convert-to-orthodoxy/ The First American to Become an Orthodox Christian] (6 January, 2024)  

Video : "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJcq_5otOz8  Philip Ludwell III (1716-1767), The Forerunner of Orthodoxy in North America]" with narrator Nicholas Chapman 






















[[Category:Lay-persons]]  [[Category:Nova Scotia]]  [[Category:MP]]